Interpretation of National Fire Safety Standards for the Design of Stereoscopic Parking Garages
Release Time:
2020-06-03
The national standard of the People's Republic of China, GB 50067-2014, "Fire Protection Design Code for Automobile Parking Garages, Repair Garages, and Parking Lots", provides relevant regulations for mechanized automated parking systems. This standard was released on December 2, 2014, and officially implemented on August 1, 2015.
According to incomplete statistics, by the end of 2014, excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, 450 cities in 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions across the country, except Tibet, have built mechanized parking garages, with a total of more than 12,300 mechanized parking garage projects and a total of more than 2.743 million parking spaces. Among them, there are more than 1,000 fully enclosed automated car parks, accounting for about 9% of the total number of mechanized car parks, with more than 195,000 parking spaces, accounting for about 7.1% of the total. Cities with mechanized parking garages built, except Tibet, cover all municipalities directly under the Central Government, provincial capital cities, cities designated by the state, about 83% of prefecture-level cities and more than 200 county-level and below cities.
In recent years, large-scale domestic Automated Parking Garage More than 2,500 are added annually, with about 900,000 new mechanical parking spaces. According to relevant data statistics from the Automated Parking Garage Association, mechanized automated parking garages have covered 95.5% of cities and have sprung up across the country. In order to prevent and reduce the damage caused by fires to automated parking garages and protect personal and property safety, the national standard GB50067-2014 "Fire Protection Design Code for Automobile Parking Garages, Repair Garages, and Parking Lots" was issued in 2014 and officially implemented on August 1, 2015. This national standard standardizes the supporting fire protection measures for automated parking garages, combines the time situation of automated parking garages, actively adopts advanced fire prevention and extinguishing technologies, and ensures safety, convenient use, advanced technology, and economic rationality. The relevant old standards that have been abolished are: GB50067-97; GBJ67-84.
Relevant definitions of mechanized automated parking garages in national standards
Mechanized car parks (including the original concept of mechanized automated parking garages and multi-story automated parking garages) are car parks that use mechanical equipment to park cars in vertical or horizontal movements.
Open-air car park: A car park where the open area of the outer wall of any floor exceeds 25% of the total area of the outer walls of that floor, the open area is evenly distributed on the outer wall, and its length is not less than 50% of the perimeter of the car park.
Automated Parking Garage Fire protection classification
In addition to limiting the number of original packages, the GB 50067-2014 fire protection code for car parks adds restrictions on the building area, and among the two restrictions of parking space control value and building area control value, whichever is reached first will be implemented according to that item.
The fire resistance rating of car parks and repair garages is divided into three levels. The combustion performance and fire resistance limit of building components of each fire resistance rating level should not be lower than the following regulations:
The fire resistance rating of underground car parks, semi-underground car parks, and high-rise car parks should be Class 1.
How to set up fire protection zones in automated parking garages in the new national standard
Indoor mechanized automated parking garages without lanes and no personnel staying should comply with the following regulations:
1. When the number of parking spaces exceeds 100, fire walls without doors, windows, or openings should be used to divide the area into multiple areas with a parking capacity of no more than 100 vehicles (in the old version 97 standard, the maximum is 50 vehicles), but when using fire-rated partitions and non-combustible floors with a fire resistance limit of not less than 1.00h to divide into multiple parking units, and the number of parking spaces in the parking unit is no more than 3, it should be divided into areas with a parking capacity of no more than 300 vehicles;
2. The car park should be equipped with a fire automatic alarm system and an automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system. The automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system should use fast-response sprinklers;
3. Indoor fire hydrants should be installed in stairwells and maintenance passages in parking areas;
4. The car park should be equipped with smoke exhaust facilities, and the smoke exhaust outlets should be installed at the top of the vehicle passage.
How to set up stairwells for fire extinguishing in mechanized automated parking garages?
Indoor mechanized car parks without lanes and no personnel staying do not need to set up personnel safety exits, but stairwells for fire rescue should be set up according to the following regulations:
1. When the number of parking spaces in each parking area is more than 100, at least one stairwell should be set up;
2. Fire-rated partitions should be used to separate the stairwell from the parking area, and the doors of the stairwell should be Class B fire doors;
3. The net width of the stairs should not be less than 0.9m.
Note: The automated parking garage mentioned above refers to an indoor mechanized automated parking garage without lanes and no personnel staying.
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